Herbal products have been used traditionally for health purposes all over the world. officinalis fruit extracts, respectively. Loganin and loganic acid are significant markers for standardization of C. In conclusion, the immunomodulatory effect observed in vitro may partially confirm the traditional use of Cornus fruits through alleviation of the development of diabetes-derived inflammatory complications. mas fruit, which was characterized by a significant quantity of loganic acid. officinalis fruit was higher than in the aqueous-ethanolic extract of C. The content of loganin in aqueous and aqueous-methanolic extract of C. The effect was comparable with dexamethasone. The modulatory activity of the Cornus extracts was noted in the case of secretion of IL-8 in Caco-2 cells. mas fruit showed the propensity to increase TNF- α and IL-1 β secretion. On the other hand, the aqueous-ethanolic extract of C. officinalis fruit significantly inhibited TNF- α release by neutrophils at concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL. officinalis fruit, decreased IL-8 secretion by neutrophils to 54.64 ± 7.67%, 49.68 ± 6.55%, 50.29 ± 5.87% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively, compared to LPS-stimulated control (100%). All standardized extracts significantly inhibited ROS production, whereas the aqueous-alcoholic extracts were particularly active inhibitors of IL-8 secretion by neutrophils. To evaluate the phytochemical differences between the studied extracts as well as to provide a method for standardization procedures, a quantitative analysis of iridoids, such as loganin, sweroside, and loganic acid, found in extracts of Cornus fruits was performed with HPLC-DAD. officinalis by an assessment of their effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human neutrophils as well as cytokines secretion both in neutrophils (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF- α interleukin 8, IL-8 interleukin 1 β, IL-1 β) and in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 (IL-8). The objective of this study was a comparison of biological activity of extracts from fruits of C. Additionally, due to the fact of mutual infiltration of Asian and European medicines, the differentiation as well as standardization of traditional prescriptions seem to be crucial for ensuring the quality of traditional products. Although temperatures down to -15 ° C in the foil house have not yet harmed our young plants, older specimens should in any case be protected from late frosts in spring.Fruits of Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis are representative plant materials traditionally used in Europe and Asia, respectively, in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, which are often mediated by pathogenic inflammatory agents. The Cornelian cherry loves a bright location, but sheltered from strong summer sun. However, waterlogging must also be avoided. The soil should not be kept too dry in summer. In addition, their ability to cut and grow creates further good conditions for a successful bonsai design. As a shrub, it flowers and produces fruit when it is only 3-5 years old. The glorious blooms and bright red fruits of the cornelian cherry are certainly one of the main reasons why it should not be missing in any bonsai collection. The wood also grows extremely dense, making it the hardest in all of Europe. In autumn the leaves turn yellow-orange and reddish. The leaves of the cornel are elliptical, glossy green and bluish from below. The flowers are also a very valuable pasture for bees and in the course of the year they turn into shiny red edible fruits. In spring, however, it is often the first species of wood that attracts attention with its lush, bright yellow flowers and arouses anticipation for spring. The native Cornelian cherry grows rather inconspicuously in our area as a large shrub or small tree on the edge of the forest or in bushes.
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